ABSTRACT
Oxyresveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) twigs and has known as a skinlightening agent. Many methods can be applied to extract oxyresveratrol from Mulberry twigs. This researchaimed to optimize the extraction method by using surfactant Tween 80 and Tween 20-based microwave-assistedextraction (MAE). Extraction parameters, including solvent concentration, liquid–solid ratio, and extraction time foroxyresveratrol, were optimized using response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken Design. This researchalso extracted the oxyresveratrol by maceration, and then the oxyresveratrol content from each extraction methodwas compared. Oxyresveratrol content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ForTween 80, the optimum condition was obtained at 10.5 mM, 30:1 ml/g liquid–solid ratio, and 10 minutes extractiontime. For Tween 20, the optimum condition was obtained at 100 mM, 40:1 ml/g liquid–solid ratio, and 5 minutesextraction time. Oxyresveratrol content was 0.0146 mg/g dried sample and 0.0172 mg/g dried sample at the optimumcondition of Tween 80 and Tween 20 surfactant, respectively. Meanwhile, the oxyresveratrol content of the macerationmethod with 96% ethanol was 1.5704 mg/g dried sample. In conclusion, these results show that the application ofTween 80 and Tween 20 as solvents for MAE of Oxyresveratrol from mulberry twigs was not fully successful sinceother extraction conditions should be considered, such as temperature, pH, and microwave energy.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to predict the potential activity and interaction conformation of polyphenolic compounds fromPeperomia pellucida (L) Kunth (nine compounds) with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) macromolecule by insilico molecular docking study. The crystal structure of ACE as a molecular target was obtained from the PDB database(PDB ID: 1UZF) with captopril as a native ligand. Molecular docking analysis was performed using AutoDockZn (100docking runs) based on the active site of Zn2+, the central grid was placed on Zn2+ with a box size of 40Á × 40Á ×40Á and a center of 40.835Á × 34.382Á × 44.607Á for selective inhibitors (MCO702) with a spacing of 0.375Á.Based on the docking results demonstrated that the prediction of each polyphenol compounds from P. pellucida hasthe potential of active as ACE inhibitors, it was indicated that docking results of each compound has lower affinitycompared to captopril (with binding affinity of −6.36 kcal/mol and the inhibition constant 21.81 μM), where themost moderate binding affinity (the most potential) was tetrahydrofuran lignin ((1R,2S,3S,5R)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxy3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclopentane-1,2-diyl)bis-(methylene) diacetate) of −8.66 kcal/mol and the highest bindingaffinity (the less potential) was dillapiole (6-allyl-4,5-dimethoxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxole) of −4.99 kcal/mol, althoughwith different forms of interaction, bond, and constant inhibition. Based on the interaction of ACE binding site,5,6,7-trimethoxy-4-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one showed the most similar interactionwith the captopril ligand. These results are preliminary data for further research with predictions of target compoundbiological activity and interaction quickly, accurately, and inexpensively
ABSTRACT
Hospital-based data on 152 cases [148 females and 4 males] of breast carcinoma diagnosed in the pathology department during the period 1976-1980 are presented. Histopathological classification of such cases was done using the recent W. H. O. classification. Infiltrative duct carcinoma [71.62%] was the most common type. It mainly occurred in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Medullary carcinoma was fairly a common type of breast cancer [13.51%]. It occurred in younger age group than the infiltrative ductal type. These findings are compared and discussed in relation to other studies and in relation to certain factors